What are the ingredients that make a glaze?

A glaze typically consists of a combination of silica, fluxes, and alumina. Silica acts as the glass-forming agent, fluxes lower the melting point and help the glaze fuse to the clay body, while alumina provides stability and helps control the glaze's viscosity. Additional ingredients, such as colorants and opacifiers, can be included to achieve desired effects and finishes.