How was representation to be determined in the upper house?

In the context of the United States Constitution, representation in the upper house, or Senate, was determined by equal representation for each state, regardless of its population size. This means that each state, whether large or small, would have two senators, ensuring that all states had an equal voice in the legislative process. This arrangement was reached during the Constitutional Convention as a compromise between larger states, which favored representation based on population, and smaller states, which sought equal representation.