What effects does punishment have on behavior?

Punishment can deter undesirable behavior by creating negative consequences for specific actions, which may lead to immediate compliance. However, it often does not teach alternative, acceptable behaviors and can result in fear, resentment, or increased aggression. Additionally, punishment can damage the relationship between the punisher and the punished, leading to a lack of trust. Over time, reliance on punishment may also reduce intrinsic motivation and promote avoidance rather than understanding.