What is the percentage or ratio of the population suffering from thalassemia?

Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects hemoglobin production, and its prevalence varies significantly by region. Globally, it is estimated that around 4.5% of the population carries the thalassemia trait, while approximately 1 in 100,000 individuals are affected by severe forms of the disease. In certain areas, particularly in the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Southeast Asia, the carrier rate can be as high as 10-15%.