Who invented optical art?

Optical art, or Op Art, is primarily associated with the works of Hungarian-born artist Victor Vasarely, who is often considered the father of the movement. While he was a key figure, other artists such as Bridget Riley and Yaacov Agam also played significant roles in popularizing the style during the 1960s. The movement focuses on creating visual effects through precise patterns and colors, resulting in dynamic optical illusions.