What are the wolf's limiting factors?

Wolves face several limiting factors that impact their populations, including habitat loss due to human development and agriculture, competition with other predators, and availability of prey. Additionally, hunting and poaching pose significant threats to their survival. Disease outbreaks, such as distemper or parvovirus, can also decimate wolf populations. Lastly, human-wildlife conflict, particularly in areas where wolves prey on livestock, can lead to increased mortality rates.