What is capability approach?

The capability approach is a theoretical framework developed by economist Amartya Sen that focuses on assessing individual well-being and social justice through the lens of capabilities rather than traditional metrics like income or utility. It emphasizes the importance of what individuals can actually do or be— their “capabilities”—to achieve a fulfilling life. This approach highlights the role of personal freedoms and social arrangements in enabling or constraining individuals' opportunities. Ultimately, it seeks to inform policies that enhance people's ability to pursue their chosen goals and improve their quality of life.