Answer
A martingale is a piece of tack used on horses to control head carriage. It is seen in the jumping disciplines: show jumping, eventing, and hunter seat riding, as well as in polo. Martingales are not allowed in the sport of dressage.
The two most common types of martingale, the standing and the running, are used to control the horse's head, and to prevent the horse from throwing his head so high that the rider gets hit in the face by the neck. When the horse's head gets above the point of control, the martingale places pressure on the head so the horse cannot raise it higher.
When first using a martingale (or any piece of tack), it is appropriate to ride in an enclosed area until the rider is certain that the horse is under control.
Answer
Martingales are used to control head tossing. There are two types of martingales. A standing martingale (English) and a tie down(western) both use a solid strap anchored from the breast plate to a nose band. The second type is called a running martingale. A strap is attached to either the breast plate or girth and splits into two straps, each with one circular ring at the end. The reins are passed through the rings and to the riders hands. when the rider pulls the slack from the reins it stops the horse from tossing his head.
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