How much space does a emporer penguin need in captivity?

Emperor penguins require a significant amount of space in captivity to thrive, ideally a large enclosure that mimics their natural habitat. A minimum of 1,000 square feet is often recommended for a small group, with additional space for swimming and nesting areas. Proper environmental enrichment, including water access and varied terrain, is essential to support their physical and psychological well-being. However, specific needs may vary based on the number of penguins and the design of the enclosure.