What enzymes are in charge of proofreading the new DNA strands?

The primary enzymes responsible for proofreading new DNA strands during replication are DNA polymerases, specifically DNA polymerase ε and DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotes. These enzymes possess a 3' to 5' exonuclease activity that allows them to remove incorrectly paired nucleotides. By excising these errors, they ensure high fidelity in DNA replication, which is crucial for maintaining genetic integrity.