They're the abbreviations for the 4 most common antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of active or (to some degree) latent TB.
H = isoniazid
R = rifampin
Z = pyrazinamide
E = ethambutol
If everything goes to plan, a positive TB culture earns you 2 months of HRZE therapy with a continuation of just the rifampin and isoniazid for another 4.
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