How do crumple zones cause injury?

Crumple zones are designed to absorb and dissipate energy during a collision, reducing the force transmitted to occupants. However, if these zones deform too much or fail to absorb enough energy, the force can be redirected towards the vehicle's cabin, potentially causing injury to passengers. Additionally, if the crumple zone design is flawed or if the impact is severe, it may not provide adequate protection, leading to increased risk of injury. Overall, while crumple zones enhance safety, their effectiveness is contingent on proper design and the nature of the collision.