Who was the first person to explain the market econimy?

The first person to explain the market economy in a comprehensive way was Adam Smith, an 18th-century Scottish economist and philosopher. His seminal work, "The Wealth of Nations," published in 1776, laid the groundwork for classical economics and introduced key concepts such as the "invisible hand" that guides supply and demand in a free market. Smith argued that individuals pursuing their own self-interest inadvertently contribute to the overall economic prosperity of society.