What are hashing techniques that allow dynamic file expansion in dbms?

Dynamic hashing techniques, such as Extendible Hashing and Linear Hashing, allow for efficient file expansion in database management systems (DBMS). Extendible Hashing uses a directory structure that can grow as needed, allowing new buckets to be created without reorganizing existing data. Linear Hashing incrementally splits buckets based on a predetermined growth factor, enabling dynamic adjustment of the hash structure while maintaining efficient access. These techniques help manage variable data sizes and maintain performance as data volume changes.