ESR stands for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It is a haemotology (blood) test that is used as a basic marker for inflamation. If the ESR is raised, this is an indication that there is some type of inflamation occurring within the body.
It is a very general test, although it can be used (in part) as a differential diagnostic test for some illnesses such as Kawasaki's disease, temporal arteritis and SLE.
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