José Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines. He was a multifaceted intellectual, Excelling as a writer, ophthalmologist, and nationalist, whose works, particularly "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," criticized Spanish colonial rule and inspired the Philippine revolution. Rizal's activism led to his arrest and eventual execution by firing squad on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan (now Luneta Park, Manila). His death galvanized the Filipino people, solidifying his legacy as a national hero and martyr for Philippine independence.
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