What causes wandering baseline?

Wandering baseline is typically caused by fluctuations in the baseline level of a signal, which can result from various factors such as patient movement, poor electrode contact, and electrical interference. In electrocardiograms (ECGs), for instance, it may arise from respiratory variations, changes in skin impedance, or improper lead placement. Additionally, artifacts from external sources, such as electromagnetic interference, can contribute to baseline shifts. Correcting these issues often involves ensuring proper electrode placement and minimizing patient movement during recordings.