What is the dynamo effect?

The dynamo effect is a process by which a celestial body's rotation generates a magnetic field through the motion of electrically conductive fluids within it. In Earth, this occurs in the outer core, where molten iron and nickel flow due to convection and rotation, creating electric currents that produce the planet's magnetic field. This phenomenon is crucial for the stability of planetary atmospheres and the protection against solar radiation. The dynamo effect is also observed in other celestial bodies, such as planets and stars.