How was law and order maintained in mining towns?

In mining towns, Law and Order were often maintained through informal and self-regulated systems, as formal government structures were frequently lacking. Local miners would form committees or "vigilante" groups to address disputes, enforce rules, and punish wrongdoers. Additionally, mining companies sometimes employed their own security forces to manage order and protect their interests. This community-based approach often relied on collective agreements and social norms to ensure safety and stability in the rapidly changing environments of mining settlements.