Why low pumparound provides better separation?

Low pumparound in a distillation column enhances separation by increasing the residence time of the liquid in the column. This allows for more efficient mass transfer between the vapor and liquid phases, leading to better contacting and improved separation of components based on their volatility. Additionally, lower pumparound rates can reduce flooding and promote a more stable operating environment, further optimizing the separation process. Overall, this results in higher purity of the desired product.