What kind of oath did southerners have to take to be pardoned?

Southerners seeking pardons after the Civil War had to take an oath of allegiance to the United States. This oath required them to renounce any allegiance to the Confederacy and acknowledge the authority of the federal government. Additionally, they had to affirm their commitment to uphold the laws and the Constitution of the United States. Specific requirements varied depending on the policies of different administrations, particularly those of Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.