What long term affects does a catheter have?

Long-term use of a catheter can lead to several complications, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder stones, and potential damage to the urethra or bladder. Prolonged catheterization may also result in catheter-associated complications like biofilm formation, which can increase the risk of infections. Additionally, patients may experience changes in bladder function or incontinence issues after catheter removal. Regular monitoring and care are essential to mitigate these risks.