The Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896 upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, significantly affecting education in the United States. This ruling legitimized the establishment of segregated schools for white and Black students, leading to widespread inequality in educational resources, facilities, and opportunities. As a result, the quality of education for Black students was often severely compromised, reinforcing systemic racism and social disparities that persisted for decades. The decision was eventually overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, which declared that segregated schools were inherently unequal.
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