How can volcanic eruptions affect animal life?

Volcanic eruptions can significantly impact animal life by destroying habitats through lava flows, ash falls, and pyroclastic flows, leading to immediate loss of life and resources. The release of ash and gases can contaminate air and water, affecting food sources and health. Additionally, long-term changes in the ecosystem, such as altered landscapes and climate, can disrupt migration patterns and breeding behaviors, forcing animals to adapt or relocate. These disruptions can lead to population declines and shifts in biodiversity in affected areas.