Why were the years 1134-54 a period of anarchy in England?

The years 1134-1154 in England were marked by a period of anarchy primarily due to the power struggle between King Stephen and Empress Matilda, the daughter of King Henry I. Following Henry I's death in 1135, Stephen seized the throne, leading to a conflict over legitimacy and succession. This resulted in widespread civil war, with both sides gaining and losing control of various territories, causing significant instability, lawlessness, and a breakdown of social order. The anarchy ultimately ended with the ascension of Henry II in 1154, who restored order and established a more centralized monarchy.