After World War I, India intensified its resistance to foreign control through a combination of political mobilization and civil disobedience. The Indian National Congress, along with other organizations, launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, urging Indians to boycott British goods, institutions, and honors. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 galvanized public outrage, leading to increased demands for self-governance. Additionally, leaders like Mahatma Gandhi emerged, promoting peaceful protests and nonviolent resistance as key strategies in the struggle for independence.
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