Where do seeds get their energy to germinate?

Seeds get their energy to germinate from stored nutrients within their own structure, primarily in the form of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. These reserves, located in the seed's endosperm or cotyledons, provide the necessary energy for metabolic processes as the seed begins to sprout. Once germination starts, the seed absorbs water and activates enzymes that break down these stored nutrients, fueling growth until the young plant can photosynthesize.