How does a player change pitches on a bugle?

A player changes pitches on a bugle primarily through the use of lip tension and airflow. By altering the tension of their lips and the speed of their breath, the player can produce different harmonics within the instrument's limited range. Unlike brass instruments with valves, the bugle relies solely on these techniques to create higher or lower notes, making it essential for the player to master embouchure control. Additionally, the bugle typically plays in a specific key, which influences the available pitches.