Who investigate black smokers or hydrothermal vents?

Scientists from various fields, including marine Biology, geology, and oceanography, investigate black smokers and hydrothermal vents. Researchers often use submersibles and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to explore these extreme environments, studying the unique ecosystems and geological processes involved. Institutions like NOAA and academic research centers frequently lead such investigations to understand the vents' role in ocean chemistry and biology.