What are the principles of teaching listening?

The principles of teaching listening include creating a supportive environment where learners feel comfortable, using authentic materials to expose students to real-life language use, and incorporating varied listening activities that cater to different skill levels. It's also essential to focus on developing both bottom-up skills (recognizing sounds and Words) and top-down skills (using context and background knowledge). Providing opportunities for active engagement, such as summarizing or discussing what they've heard, reinforces comprehension and retention. Lastly, regular feedback helps learners improve their listening strategies and skills.