How do stimulants and depressants affect a neurons ability to generate impulses?

Stimulants increase the excitability of neurons, often by enhancing the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, which can lead to an increased frequency of action potentials and heightened alertness. In contrast, depressants reduce neuronal excitability, typically by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or inhibiting excitatory neurotransmitters, leading to decreased action potential generation and a calming effect. Both types of substances modulate the balance between excitation and inhibition in the nervous system, affecting overall neuronal communication.