How can I effectively prune conifers to promote healthy growth and maintain their shape?

To effectively prune conifers for healthy growth and shape maintenance, follow these steps:

1. Prune during the dormant season to minimize stress on the tree.
2. Remove dead or diseased branches first.
3. Trim back branches that are crossing or rubbing against each other.
4. Avoid cutting into the older, woody parts of the tree.
5. Use sharp, clean tools to make precise cuts.
6. Maintain the natural shape of the tree while pruning.