What is the transfer of plants animals and diseases?

The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases refers to the exchange of biological species and pathogens between different regions, often as a result of exploration, trade, and colonization. This phenomenon, often termed the Columbian Exchange, dramatically reshaped ecosystems and human societies by introducing new crops and livestock to different continents while also facilitating the spread of diseases like smallpox, which had devastating effects on indigenous populations. Such transfers have had lasting impacts on agriculture, biodiversity, and public health globally.