What are the basic rules of logic?

The basic rules of logic include the Law of Identity, which states that an object is the same as itself (A is A); the Law of Non-Contradiction, which asserts that contradictory statements cannot both be true at the same time (A cannot be both A and not A); and the Law of Excluded Middle, which posits that for any proposition, either that proposition is true or its negation is true (either A or not A). These fundamental principles form the foundation of logical reasoning and help in constructing valid arguments.