How do coral reefs develop?

Coral reefs develop through a process known as calcification, where corals, primarily made up of tiny marine animals called polyps, secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton. Over time, these structures accumulate as more polyps grow and reproduce, creating complex three-dimensional habitats. This growth is enhanced by symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae, which live within the coral tissues and provide energy through photosynthesis. Environmental factors like water temperature, light, and salinity play crucial roles in reef formation and health.