Boethius described three kinds of music: musica mundana (music of the spheres), which represents the harmonious order of the universe; musica humana (human music), which pertains to the harmony of the human body and soul; and musica instrumentalis (instrumental music), which refers to the actual music produced by instruments and voices. Together, these forms illustrate a philosophical understanding of music as a reflection of cosmic order, human experience, and artistic expression.
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