What was the long term results of the space program?

One is it funded the initial construction of integrated circuit fabrication facilities, very rapidly accelerating the process of miniaturizing electronics. It is unlikely that all the handheld portable devices we currently have would exist and much electronics that we use everyday would probably still be based on vacuum tubes.

It also allowed the countries to prove who could launch the largest hydrogen bomb at a target the farthest distance away the most accurately without actually having to launch a hydrogen bomb! Thus it was a "safe" means of "saber rattling" when those sabers were hydrogen bombs, and helped prevent a real nuclear war when the political/military tensions were highest.