How is a fermenter sterilized?

A fermenter is typically sterilized using steam sterilization, also known as autoclaving, where steam at high pressure and temperature is applied to kill microorganisms. Alternatively, chemical sterilization methods, such as using hydrogen peroxide or ethylene oxide, can be employed. The choice of method depends on the materials of the fermenter and the specific requirements of the fermentation process. After sterilization, the fermenter is usually maintained in a sterile environment until use to prevent contamination.