How does nutrients affect aquatic life?

Nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems by supporting the growth of phytoplankton, which forms the base of the food web. However, excessive nutrient input, often from agricultural runoff or sewage, can lead to algal blooms that deplete oxygen in the water, harming fish and other aquatic organisms. This process, known as eutrophication, can result in dead zones where aquatic life cannot survive. Maintaining balanced nutrient levels is essential for the health and sustainability of aquatic environments.