How many of the salamanders offsprings survive and what are their predators?

The survival rate of salamander offspring varies widely depending on the species and environmental conditions. Generally, only a small percentage of eggs or larvae survive to adulthood, often due to predation, environmental factors, and competition. Common predators of salamander eggs and larvae include fish, aquatic insects, and other amphibians. Once they reach adulthood, they may face threats from birds, mammals, and reptiles.