How does a 3 way 2 position pneumatic valve work?

A 3-way, 2-position pneumatic valve controls the flow of compressed air in a pneumatic system by using three ports: one for the air supply, one for the output to the actuator, and one for exhaust. In one position, the valve allows air to flow to the actuator while venting the other side to the atmosphere, and in the second position, it reverses this flow. The valve is typically actuated mechanically or electrically, enabling precise control of pneumatic devices such as cylinders or motors. This configuration is essential for applications requiring directional control of air-powered machinery.