What played the biggest role in the ending of cattle kingdom?

The ending of the cattle kingdom was primarily driven by overgrazing, severe winters, and the expansion of barbed wire Fencing, which restricted cattle movement and access to grazing lands. Additionally, the rise of the railroad made it easier to transport beef from farms in the Midwest, diminishing the reliance on cattle drives. Economic factors, such as fluctuating beef prices and the impact of drought, further contributed to the decline of the cattle industry. These elements combined led to the transition from open-range ranching to more controlled and sustainable agricultural practices.