What is observed at the electrode connected to the negative pole of the battery?

At the electrode connected to the negative pole of the battery, known as the cathode in an electrolytic cell or anode in a galvanic cell, reduction reactions occur. Electrons from the battery flow into this electrode, facilitating the gain of electrons by ions or molecules in the surrounding electrolyte. This process can result in the deposition of substances or the evolution of gases, depending on the specific reactions taking place. Overall, the behavior at this electrode is characterized by the reduction of species present in the solution.