What came first Leonardo da Vinci's design for a flying machine or the establishment of the Portuguese school of navigation?

The establishment of the Portuguese school of navigation came first, occurring in the early 15th century under Prince Henry the Navigator. In contrast, Leonardo da vinci's designs for a flying machine were created during the late 15th century, particularly around 1490. Therefore, the Portuguese school of navigation predates da Vinci’s flying machine designs by several decades.