What is the Tupper's Self-Referential Formula?

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2026-03-27 04:50

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Tupper's Self-Referential Formula is a mathematical expression that can be used to draw the bitmap of its own graph when plotted on a specific coordinate system. Formulated by Jeff Tupper in 2001, it is defined as follows: the formula produces a visual representation of a 106×17 pixel image when properly evaluated. The formula's complexity lies in its ability to encode its own appearance, making it a fascinating example of self-reference in mathematics. This property has intrigued both mathematicians and computer scientists due to its unique nature.

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