How do pathogens destroy tissue?

Pathogens can destroy tissue through various mechanisms, including the release of toxins that directly damage cells, triggering inflammatory responses that lead to tissue injury, and inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in host cells. Some pathogens may also invade cells and replicate within them, causing cellular lysis and tissue necrosis. Additionally, immune responses aimed at eliminating the pathogens can inadvertently contribute to further tissue damage.