What innovation did Shah Abbas make to handle the problem?

Shah Abbas I, the Safavid ruler of Persia, implemented several innovations to address the challenges facing his empire, particularly in military and administrative efficiency. One significant innovation was the establishment of a standing army, known as the "Ghulams," which comprised slave soldiers trained from a young age to ensure loyalty and effectiveness. Additionally, he reformed the administrative structure by decentralizing power, promoting meritocracy, and encouraging trade through the development of infrastructure, such as roads and caravanserais, to boost economic stability. These measures collectively strengthened the empire and enhanced its governance.