What does the new sharingan do?

It depends, if you are talking about the Mangekyo Sharingan, it has two, possibly three jutsus associated with it. The First is Tsukyomi, Literally, "Moon Reader" Named after the Shinto god of the moon, this jutsu will place the target into an extremely powerful genjutsu that the user controls, it is charactarized by two things, one, the sky is always blood red, and two, everything is black with a white background. There is also, a slight requirement, in order to perform it, the user must make eye contact with the victim, however, it must be their right eye. The second jutsu is called Amaterasu. It is named after the Shinto goddess of the sun, one of their most important. It creates a black flame that is as hot as the sun and lasts for seven days and nights, this jutsu is produced with the left eye (technically, it can't be as the sun, otherwise the atmosphere would become ignited) the third jutsu is called "Susanoo" sometimes spelled with an apostraphe between the two Os, it is named after the Shinto god of the underworld, the brother of both amaterasu and tsukyomi, it is unknown if this is a byproduct of the mangekyo sharingan or if it is a new jutsu in and of itself. it summons a giant warrior with an unbreakable shield, and a sWord that will put anything it stabs into an eternal sleep, representing their ideal place (in short, what they view to be a perfect place, paradise, ETC.) if this jutsu is associated with a body part, it is associated with the nose. If you are talking about Sasuke's new sharingan with the ability to perform at least amaterasu, then it is the result of Itachi transferring all of his specialised doujutsu into his eyes. This may or may not be an eternal sharingan (that is, one that counters the long-term effect of blindness after the mangekyou sharingain is unlocked, and potentially grants immortality) its appearance is similar to an atom of beryllium with the orbital patterns displayed.