What is theory of enlightened despotism?

Enlightened despotism, also known as enlightened absolutism, refers to a form of absolute monarchy in which a ruler embraces Enlightenment principles such as reason, individualism, and social reform while maintaining autocratic control. Enlightened despots, like Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia, sought to modernize their states through reforms in education, law, and governance, believing that these changes would strengthen their rule and improve the lives of their subjects. Despite their progressive intentions, these rulers ultimately prioritized their own power and authority over democratic principles.