The Transvaal and the Orange Free State were two independent Boer republics in southern Africa during the late 19th century. Both were established by Dutch-descended settlers, known as Afrikaners, and shared similar political structures, characterized by a republican form of government. They maintained diplomatic relations and often collaborated on military matters, particularly during conflicts with the British Empire. However, they remained separate entities until their eventual incorporation into the Union of South Africa in 1910.
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